{"id":127,"date":"2021-04-04T22:50:39","date_gmt":"2021-04-04T14:50:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/choson_steven.lifenet.com.tw\/?p=127"},"modified":"2023-03-29T17:07:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-29T09:07:23","slug":"nist%e9%80%9a%e7%94%a8%e9%a2%a8%e9%9a%aa%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8bthe-nist-generic-risk-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/?p=127","title":{"rendered":"NIST\u901a\u7528\u98a8\u96aa\u6a21\u578b(The NIST Generic Risk Model)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ithelp.ithome.com.tw\/upload\/images\/20210404\/20132160lfYmILJSgf.jpg\" alt=\"https:\/\/ithelp.ithome.com.tw\/upload\/images\/20210404\/20132160lfYmILJSgf.jpg\"><br>-\u5177\u6709\u95dc\u9375\u98a8\u96aa\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u901a\u7528\u98a8\u96aa\u6a21\u578b\uff08NIST SP 800-30 R1\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u95dc\u9375\u98a8\u96aa\u56e0\u7d20(Key Risk Factors)<\/strong><br><strong>\u98a8\u96aa(Risk)<\/strong><br>\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027(likelihood)\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u6642\u6f5b\u5728\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u97ff(impact)\u7684\u51fd\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u6027(LIKEIHOOD)<\/strong><br>\u5728\u8a55\u4f30\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u662f\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f7f\u547d\/\u696d\u52d9\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u70ba\u5176\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u4ef6\u6216\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u51fd\u6578\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5f71\u97ff(IMPACT)<\/strong><br>\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7a0b\u5ea6\u662f\u6307\u7531\u65bc\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u62ab\u9732\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u4fee\u6539\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7834\u58de\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u4e1f\u5931\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u98a8\u96aa\u6a21\u578b(Risk Model)<\/strong><br>\u98a8\u96aa\u6a21\u578b(Risk Model)\u5728\u8b58\u5225\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u5fa9\u96dc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u7576\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u8b58\u5225\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5a01\u8105\u60c5\u666f\u9032\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5a01\u8105(Threat)<\/strong><br>\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u6cc1\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6(circumstance or event)\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7d71\u901a\u904e\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\uff0c\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u62ab\u9732\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u5c0d\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7d44\u7e54\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u97ff\u7684 \u7d44\u7e54\u6d3b\u52d5\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u547d\uff0c\u8077\u80fd\uff0c\u5f62\u50cf\u6216\u8072\u8b7d\uff09\u548c\/\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Threat events \uff09\u662f\u7531\u5a01\u8105\u4f86\u6e90\uff08threat sources.\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5a01\u8105\u4f86\u6e90\uff08Threat Source\uff09<\/strong><br>\u65e8\u5728\u6709\u610f\u5229\u7528\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6216\u53ef\u80fd\u5076\u7136\u89f8\u767c\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u5716\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5a01\u8105\u4ee3\u7406\uff08threat agent.\uff09\u7684\u540c\u7fa9\u8a5e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5a01\u8105\u6f14\u54e1\uff08THREAT ACTOR\uff09<\/strong><br>\u69cb\u6210\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u5718\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08Threat Event\uff09<\/strong><br>\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u826f\u5f8c\u679c\u6216\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6216\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff08Vulnerability\uff09<\/strong><br>\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u8a2d\u5099\u6216\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u5f31\u9ede\u6216\u66b4\u9732\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u6a5f\u5bc6\u6027\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6216\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5931\u6557<br>NIST\u7279\u6b8a\u51fa\u7248\u7269800-39\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u98a8\u96aa\u7ba1\u7406\u5c64\u6b21\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7d1a\u5225\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u679c\u5a01\u8105\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u985e\u6f0f\u6d1e\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5a01\u8105\u5834\u666f\uff08THREAT SCENARIO\uff09<\/strong><br>\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u98a8\u96aa\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u7d44\u7e54\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5a01\u8105\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u7531\u5a01\u8105\u6e90\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5982\u4f55\u9020\u6210\u6216\u9020\u6210\u50b7\u5bb3\u3002\u5a01\u8105\u60c5\u666f\u7684\u958b\u767c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9664\u975e\u4e26\u4e14\u76f4\u5230\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u67d0\u4e9b\u6f0f\u6d1e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u5229\u7528\u3002<br>\u5a01\u8105\u60c5\u666f\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u98a8\u96aa\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9810\u8655\u7f6e\u689d\u4ef6\uff08Predisposing Condition\uff09<\/strong><br>\u9810\u8655\u7f6e\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u4efb\u52d9\u6216\u696d\u52d9\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f01\u696d\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6216\u904b\u71df\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u8a72\u689d\u4ef6\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\uff08\u5373\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u6e1b\u5c11\uff09\u5a01\u8105\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u65e6\u5f15\u767c\u5c31\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u5229\u5f8c\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5c0d\u7d44\u7e54\u904b\u71df\u548c\u8cc7\u7522\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u570b\u5bb6\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br>\u9810\u8655\u7f6e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u8207\u8853\u8a9e\u6613\u611f\u6027\u6216\u66b4\u9732\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5a01\u8105\u7121\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u6f0f\u6d1e\u4f86\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5247\u7d44\u7e54\u4e0d\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u98a8\u96aa\uff08\u6216\u627f\u53d7\u98a8\u96aa\uff09\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u7a2e\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<br>\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90<br>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/Glossary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NIST CSRC\u8a5e\u5f59\u8868<\/a><br>. NIST SP 800-30 R1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff08Need-to-know\uff09<\/strong><br>\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u4fe1\u606f\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u9810\u671f\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8a2a\u554f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u516c\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6700\u4f4e\u7279\u6b0a\uff08Least privilege\uff09<\/strong><br>\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c07\u6388\u6b0a\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u6b0a\u9650\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u57f7\u884c\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u6b0a\u9650\uff09\u9650\u5236\u70ba\u57f7\u884c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8077\u8cac\u5206\u96e2\uff08Separation of Duty \uff1aSOD\uff09<\/strong><br>\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b89\u5168\u539f\u5247\uff0c\u5c07\u95dc\u9375\u8077\u80fd\u5283\u5206\u7d66\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u8a2a\u554f\u7279\u6b0a\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u7834\u58de\u6027\u6b3a\u8a50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u96d9\u91cd\u63a7\u5236\uff08Dual control\uff09<\/strong><br>\u4f7f\u7528\u5169\u500b\u6216\u591a\u500b\u55ae\u7368\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u500b\u4eba\uff09\u5171\u540c\u904b\u884c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u654f\u611f\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u9ad4\u80fd\u5920\u8a2a\u554f\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9470\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u62c6\u5206\u77e5\u8b58\uff08Split knowledge\uff09<\/strong><br>\u5c07\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9470\u5206\u70ban\u500b\u5bc6\u9470\u7d44\u4ef6\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u7d44\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u9470\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u96a8\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d44\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u7d44\u4ef6\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u5275\u5efa\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9470\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3k\u500b\uff08\u5176\u4e2dk\u5c0f\u65bc\u6216\u7b49\u65bcn\u500b\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u69cb\u9020\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u9470\uff0c\u5247\u4efb\u4f55k \u2013 1\u500b\u5bc6\u9470\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u90fd\u4e0d\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u95dc\u539f\u59cb\u5bc6\u9470\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u9577\u5ea6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u5efa\u8b70\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c6\u5206\u77e5\u8b58\u4e26\u4e0d\u65e8\u5728\u6db5\u84cb\u95dc\u9375\u4efd\u984d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9580\u9650\u6216\u591a\u65b9\u7c3d\u540d\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4efd\u984d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u53d6\u8b49\uff08Forensics\uff09<\/strong><br>\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6578\u64da\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6536\u96c6\u3001\u4fdd\u7559\u548c\u5206\u6790\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u76f8\u95dc\u6578\u64da\u4ee5\u7528\u65bc\u8abf\u67e5\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wentzwu.com\/2019\/08\/26\/the-nist-generic-risk-model\/\" target=\"_blank\">Wentz Wu\u7db2\u7ad9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PS:\u6b64\u6587\u7ae0\u7d93\u904e\u4f5c\u8005\u540c\u610f\u520a\u767b \u4e26\u4e14\u6388\u6b0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\u4e2d\u6587<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>-\u5177\u6709\u95dc\u9375\u98a8\u96aa\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u901a\u7528\u98a8\u96aa\u6a21\u578b\uff08NIST SP 800-30 R1\uff09 \u95dc\u9375\u98a8\u96aa\u56e0\u7d20(Key Risk Fac [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cisspcertified-information-systems-security-professional"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=127"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2911,"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/127\/revisions\/2911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/choson.lifenet.com.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}